All curriculums

Trial Curriculum

Sample curriculum available during the 14-day free trial.

121 topic summaries

Topic summaries

Year Five – Grammar: Case 5, The Hidden Clause

Building Cohesion

Pupils learn that cohesion is the way a text holds together, using linking words within a paragraph and adverbials across paragraphs.

Age 11+advanced

Year Five – Grammar: Case 5, The Hidden Clause

Modal Verbs and Possibility

Pupils learn that modal verbs express degrees of possibility and necessity, from might and could to will and must.

Age 11+advanced

Year Five – Grammar: Case 5, The Hidden Clause

Parenthesis: Brackets, Dashes and Commas

Pupils learn that a parenthesis is extra information marked with brackets, dashes or commas, and that punctuation can remove ambiguity.

Age 11+advanced

Year Five – Grammar: Case 5, The Hidden Clause

Relative Clauses

Pupils learn that a relative clause adds extra information about a noun and usually begins with a relative pronoun, set off by commas when non-essential.

Age 11+advanced

Year One – Grammar & Punctuation

Capital Letters and Full Stops

Pupils learn that a sentence begins with a capital letter and ends with a full stop, with spaces between words, and that names and the word I take capitals.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Grammar & Punctuation

Joining Words with 'and'

Pupils learn to join two words or ideas with the word 'and' to make one sentence.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Grammar & Punctuation

One and More Than One (Plurals)

Pupils learn that singular means one and plural means more than one, usually formed by adding s or es.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Grammar & Punctuation

Question Marks and Exclamation Marks

Pupils learn to end a question with a question mark and a strong feeling with an exclamation mark, choosing the right end mark.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Handwriting

Forming Letters and Letter Families

Pupils learn that each letter has a start point and correct movement, that letters group into families, and that capitals start at the top. Formation is practised on paper.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Handwriting

Sitting and Holding the Pencil

Pupils learn the good habits that make neat handwriting possible: sitting with good posture and holding the pencil with a comfortable, correct grip. Letter practice is done on paper.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Reading Comprehension

Finding the Answer in the Text

Pupils read a short story and find answers that are written directly in the text (literal retrieval).

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Reading Comprehension

How Does the Character Feel?

Pupils read a short story and work out how a character feels, even when the story does not say it directly (simple inference).

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Reading Comprehension

What Does This Word Mean?

Pupils read a short story and work out what a word means from the words around it (vocabulary in context).

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Reading Comprehension

What Happened First, Next and Last

Pupils read a short story and put the events in the order they happened (sequencing).

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Reading Comprehension

What Might Happen Next

Pupils read the start of a story and predict what might happen next, using clues from the text.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Spelling

Adding –ing, –ed, –er, –est (No Change Needed)

Pupils learn to add the endings –ing, –ed, –er and –est to a root word when nothing else changes, and what each ending does.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Spelling

Adding –s and –es (More Than One)

Pupils learn to make words plural by adding s, and es after the sounds s, x, ch, sh and z.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Spelling

Spelling with the Sounds I Know

Pupils learn to spell simple words by breaking them into sounds (segmenting) and writing one letter, or letter team, for each sound.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Spelling

The Prefix un–

Pupils learn that the prefix un– is added to the start of a word and means not, or the opposite.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Spoken Language

Asking Good Questions

In this topic, pupils learn that questions help us find out more. They meet the six question words and choose the right one to ask about a person, place, time, thing, reason or way.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Spoken Language

Listening Carefully

In this topic, pupils learn what good listening looks like. They use their eyes, ears and body, sit still, stay quiet, wait for the speaker to finish, and then respond.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Spoken Language

Speaking in Full Sentences

In this topic, pupils learn that a full sentence tells a whole idea. They answer in full sentences and speak in a clear voice rather than a whisper.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Spoken Language

Taking Turns When We Talk

In this topic, pupils learn why we take turns when we talk. In a group, one person talks at a time, we put our hand up, we share fairly and we do not interrupt.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Vocabulary

New Words from Stories

Pupils learn that stories teach new words, that it is good to ask what a word means, and how a story can show a word's meaning.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Vocabulary

Talking About What Words Mean

Pupils learn to explain a word in their own way, link a new word to a known one, and use a new word in a sentence.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Vocabulary

Words That Mean the Same (Simple Synonyms)

Pupils learn that some words mean nearly the same and can be swapped, such as happy and glad, big and large.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Word Reading

Blending Sounds to Read Words

Pupils learn to sound out a word and blend the sounds smoothly into a whole word.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Word Reading

Reading Common Exception Words

Pupils learn that some common words do not follow the usual sounds and are read by sight.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Word Reading

Reading Words with Endings and Contractions

Pupils learn to read a root word with an added ending, and to read contractions where an apostrophe shows missing letters.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Word Reading

Sounds and Letters

Pupils learn that letters stand for sounds and that some letters team up to make one sound (a digraph), such as sh and ch.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Writing Composition

Reading It Back and Checking

Pupils learn to read their writing back, check it makes sense, and fix missing words or punctuation.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Writing Composition

Saying It Before Writing It

Pupils learn to plan a sentence by saying it out loud before writing it, focusing on one idea at a time.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Writing Composition

Sequencing Sentences (Beginning, Middle, End)

Pupils learn to put sentences in a sensible order so a short story has a beginning, a middle and an end.

Age 7+beginner

Year One – Writing Composition

Writing a Simple Sentence

Pupils learn to write a complete sentence that makes sense, with a capital letter, a full stop and finger spaces.

Age 7+beginner

Year Six – Grammar: The Master Case

Formal Structures: Subjunctive and Question Tags

Pupils learn to choose formal structures, including the subjunctive, and to recognise question tags common in informal speech.

Age 11+advanced

Year Six – Grammar: The Master Case

Hyphens, Bullet Points and Ellipsis

Pupils learn that a hyphen joins words to avoid confusion, bullet points list items clearly, and an ellipsis shows omission or a pause.

Age 11+advanced

Year Six – Grammar: The Master Case

Semicolons, Colons and Dashes

Pupils learn that a semi-colon joins related complete sentences, a colon introduces a list or explanation, and a dash adds emphasis.

Age 11+advanced

Year Six – Grammar: The Master Case

The Passive Voice

Pupils learn the difference between active and passive voice, identifying subject and object, and how the passive changes emphasis and can hide the doer.

Age 11+advanced

Year Two – Grammar & Punctuation

Describing with Noun Phrases and Adjectives

Pupils learn that a noun names a person, place or thing, an adjective describes a noun, and an expanded noun phrase adds detail.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Grammar & Punctuation

Four Kinds of Sentence

Pupils learn the four sentence types by their job and punctuation: statement, question, exclamation and command.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Grammar & Punctuation

Joining Sentences

Pupils learn that a verb is a doing or being word and that joining words such as and, but, or and because link ideas.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Grammar & Punctuation

Tenses, Commas and Apostrophes

Pupils learn the past and present tense, the progressive form, commas in a list, and the apostrophe for omission and singular possession.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Handwriting

Beginning to Join

Pupils learn that letters are joined with diagonal and horizontal strokes, and that some letters are best left unjoined. Joining is practised on paper.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Handwriting

Letter Size, Capitals, Digits and Spacing

Pupils learn that letters should be the correct size relative to one another, recognise ascenders and descenders, and space words to match letter size. Practised on paper.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Reading Comprehension

Answering 'Why' and 'How' Questions

Pupils read an information text and answer 'why' and 'how' questions, working out reasons from the facts (inference).

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Reading Comprehension

Finding Facts in an Information Text

Pupils read a short information text and find facts that are stated directly in it (retrieval).

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Reading Comprehension

Using Headings, Captions and Labels

Pupils learn to use text features — a heading, a caption and labels — to find their way around an information text.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Reading Comprehension

What Is It Mostly About?

Pupils read an information text and work out the main idea — what the whole text is mostly about.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Reading Comprehension

Working Out Words in a Fact Text

Pupils read an information text and work out what a new word means from the words around it (vocabulary in context).

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Spelling

Adding Endings: When the Word Changes

Pupils learn the three rules for adding endings when the root word changes: change y to i, drop the e, and double the final consonant.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Spelling

Contractions (The Apostrophe That Hides Letters)

Pupils learn that a contraction squashes two words into one, with an apostrophe marking the missing letters, and that it's always means it is.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Spelling

Suffixes –ment, –ness, –ful, –less and –ly

Pupils learn to add common suffixes to root words, including the opposite pair –ful and –less, and –ly to make adverbs.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Spelling

The Possessive Apostrophe and Common Homophones

Pupils learn the singular possessive apostrophe for belonging, and common homophones such as there and their.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Spoken Language

Explaining Your Ideas

In this topic, pupils learn to explain an idea by giving a reason. They join an idea and a reason with the word because and keep their explanation clear.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Spoken Language

Joining in a Discussion

In this topic, pupils learn to join a discussion by staying on the topic, building on others' ideas and disagreeing kindly.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Spoken Language

Performing Out Loud

In this topic, pupils learn to perform a short poem for an audience. They practise the words and use expression by changing their voice to fit the words.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Spoken Language

Telling It in Order

In this topic, pupils learn to tell a recount in order, with a beginning, a middle and an end. They use order words and add a detail to make their telling clear.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Vocabulary

Clarifying What a Word Means

Pupils learn to use clues in a sentence to work out a word's meaning, check it makes sense, and see that some words have more than one meaning.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Vocabulary

Favourite Words and Better Words

Pupils learn to collect interesting, vivid words and to choose a stronger word in place of a dull one.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Vocabulary

Opposites (Simple Antonyms)

Pupils learn that some words are opposites (antonyms), and that the prefix un– can make an opposite.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Word Reading

Alternative Spellings for Sounds

Pupils learn that one sound can be spelt in different ways, and that the same letters can make different sounds.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Word Reading

Common Suffixes When Reading

Pupils learn to read a whole suffix on a known root word, recognising the suffix as one unit.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Word Reading

Reading Longer Words by Syllable

Pupils learn to break a longer word into syllables (beats) and combine them to read the whole word.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Word Reading

Reading Words Quickly and Smoothly

Pupils learn that reading a met word at a glance, smoothly and quickly, is reading fluently, and that re-reading helps.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Writing Composition

Adding Description with Adjectives

Pupils learn to add description using adjectives to give detail and paint a picture for the reader.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Writing Composition

Planning by Talking and Noting Ideas

Pupils learn to gather ideas by talking, jot quick notes, and put the ideas in a sensible order as a plan.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Writing Composition

Writing a Short Narrative

Pupils learn that a narrative is a made-up story with a character, a setting and a problem to solve.

Age 7+beginner

Year Two – Writing Composition

Writing About Real Events (a Recount)

Pupils learn that a recount retells a real event in order, using time words to guide the reader.

Age 7+beginner

Years Five and Six – Handwriting

Fluency and Speed

Pupils learn to write fluently and with increasing speed while staying legible, and to choose which letters to join for speed and clarity. Practised on paper.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Handwriting

Presentation: Choosing Style and Implement

Pupils learn to choose the right handwriting style (print or joined) and the right writing implement for a task and its purpose.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Reading Comprehension

Comparing Within and Across Texts

Pupils compare how two different authors present a fearsome creature, using evidence from both texts.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Reading Comprehension

Evaluating and Responding to a Text

Pupils form a justified opinion about a character, supporting their view with evidence from the text.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Reading Comprehension

Inference and Deduction

Pupils read a demanding classic extract, infer a character's true nature, and justify the inference with a quotation from the text.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Reading Comprehension

The Author's Viewpoint and Purpose

Pupils analyse the narrator's viewpoint and the author's purpose in a classic extract.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Reading Comprehension

The Author's Word Choice and Its Effect

Pupils analyse an author's specific word choices and explain the effect they create.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Spelling

Endings –able/–ible and –ant/–ent

Pupils learn to choose between the lookalike endings –able/–ible and –ant/–ent, using the guide that –able often follows a whole root word.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Spelling

Endings –cious/–tious and –cial/–tial

Pupils learn to spell the 'shus' sound as –cious or –tious and the 'shul' sound as –cial after a vowel or –tial after a consonant, noting exceptions.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Spelling

Homophones, the Hyphen and the Year 5/6 Statutory List

Pupils learn to tell apart tricky homophones, use the hyphen to join a prefix to a root, and spell hard statutory Year 5/6 words.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Spelling

Silent Letters

Pupils learn that some letters are written but not sounded, and that these silent letters must be memorised.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Spoken Language

Building on Others' Ideas in Group Discussion

Pupils learn to collaborate in a group: contributing ideas, inviting quieter members, summarising before adding, building on others and moving towards consensus.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Spoken Language

Formal Presentations

Pupils learn to plan and deliver a structured formal talk with an introduction, main points and a conclusion, using cue cards, eye contact, pace and projection. Preparatory for 11+ interviews.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Spoken Language

Standard English vs Informal Talk

Pupils learn to choose a register to match the situation and to use Standard English in formal contexts, replacing common non-standard forms.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Spoken Language

Taking Part in a Debate

Pupils learn to debate a motion: making an argument supported by evidence, responding with a counter-argument, and persuading the audience with respectful disagreement.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Vocabulary

Antonyms and Word Opposites

Pupils learn that antonyms create contrast, that some opposites are made with a prefix, and how to solve odd-one-out puzzles.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Vocabulary

Figurative Language and Precise Word Choice

Pupils learn to recognise figurative language (simile, metaphor, idiom) and to replace dull, vague words with precise, vivid ones.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Vocabulary

Formal vs Informal Vocabulary

Pupils learn to choose vocabulary that matches the register of the situation, converting informal words to formal ones.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Vocabulary

Synonyms and Shades of Meaning

Pupils learn that synonyms are rarely identical, carry different shades of meaning, and that a skilled writer chooses the most precise word.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Word Reading

Roots and Word Origins to Decode Unfamiliar Words

Pupils learn to use known roots and word origins from older languages to read and understand unfamiliar words, recognising whole word families.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Writing Composition

Cohesive Devices Across a Text

Pupils learn that cohesive devices link ideas within and across paragraphs to make writing flow.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Writing Composition

Editing, Revising and Evaluating

Pupils learn to revise a draft for structure and impact, proofread for errors, and evaluate writing against its purpose.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Writing Composition

Figurative Language and Show, Don't Tell

Pupils learn to use figurative language and 'show, don't tell' to create vivid images and convey feeling.

Age 11+advanced

Years Five and Six – Writing Composition

Planning for Purpose and Audience

Pupils learn to plan writing around its purpose and audience, which shape the form and register.

Age 11+advanced

Years Three and Four – Grammar: Case 3, The Clause

Conjunctions, Adverbs and Prepositions

Pupils learn that a conjunction joins ideas, a clause contains a verb, a subordinate clause cannot stand alone, and adverbs and prepositions add detail about time, place and cause.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Grammar: Case 3, The Clause

Direct Speech and Inverted Commas

Pupils learn to punctuate direct speech with inverted commas, a comma after the reporting words, and end punctuation inside the speech marks.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Grammar: Case 3, The Clause

Fronted Adverbials and Their Commas

Pupils learn that an adverbial tells how, when or where, and that a fronted adverbial opens a sentence and is followed by a comma.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Grammar: Case 4, The Pronoun

Possessive Apostrophes and Standard English

Pupils learn possessive pronouns and the possessive apostrophe, and how to correct non-standard forms to Standard English.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Grammar: Case 4, The Pronoun

Pronouns, a/an and the Present Perfect

Pupils learn to use pronouns to avoid repetition, choose a or an correctly, and recognise the determiner before a noun.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Handwriting

Joining Letters Consistently

Pupils learn to join letters consistently with diagonal and horizontal strokes, leaving some unjoined, to make handwriting fluent. Practised on paper.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Handwriting

Legibility and Quality

Pupils learn to increase legibility and quality: parallel down-strokes, even sizing, and keeping ascenders and descenders from touching. Practised on paper.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Reading Comprehension

How the Text Is Organised

Pupils read a classic story extract and explain how the text is organised, including its repeated pattern (structure).

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Reading Comprehension

Predicting with Evidence

Pupils read a classic story extract and predict what is about to happen, using evidence from the text (prediction).

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Reading Comprehension

Reading Between the Lines

Pupils read a classic story extract and infer a character's situation and feelings from clues in the text (inference with evidence).

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Reading Comprehension

Summarising the Main Points

Pupils read a classic story extract and summarise the main events in a few sentences (summary).

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Reading Comprehension

Working Out Meaning from Context

Pupils read a classic story extract and work out the meaning of vivid words from the context (vocabulary).

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Spelling

More Prefixes (dis–, mis–, in– and re–)

Pupils learn a fuller set of prefixes: dis–, mis– and in– often make negatives, while re– means again. Most attach with no change to the root.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Spelling

Suffixes –ation, –ous and –ly on Longer Words

Pupils learn to add the suffixes –ation, –ous and –ly to longer roots, noting that the spelling sometimes shifts.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Spelling

The Year 3/4 Statutory Word List and the Plural Apostrophe

Pupils learn key words from the statutory Year 3/4 list and the plural possessive apostrophe (the girls' coats).

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Spelling

Tricky Sound–Spellings (y for the i sound, ou for the u sound)

Pupils learn unusual spellings that must be learnt by heart: y making a short i sound, and ou making a short u sound.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Spoken Language

Giving a Clear Explanation

Pupils learn to explain a process in clear, ordered steps, using sequencing connectives and checking that the listener has understood.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Spoken Language

Justifying an Opinion with Reasons

Pupils learn to tell opinion from fact and to justify an opinion with more than one reason.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Spoken Language

Role Play and Improvisation

Pupils learn to take on a role, stay in character, improvise a short scene without a script, and use voice and gesture to show feeling.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Spoken Language

Speculating and Hypothesising

Pupils learn to make sensible, reasoned guesses about what could happen, using the language of possibility and basing predictions on clues.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Vocabulary

Using a Dictionary

Pupils learn to find a word in a dictionary using alphabetical order and first letters, and to read its entry and definition.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Vocabulary

Word Families and Root Words

Pupils learn that related words share a root, forming a word family, and that knowing one word helps them understand a relative.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Vocabulary

Working Out Words in Context

Pupils learn to use the context — the words around a new word — to work out its meaning and check that it makes sense.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Word Reading

Prefixes and Suffixes for Reading

Pupils learn to read longer words by spotting their parts — prefix, root and suffix — which speeds reading and unlocks meaning.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Word Reading

Reading Further Exception Words

Pupils learn to read harder words where the spelling does not match the expected sound, noticing where the oddity sits.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Writing Composition

Description: Setting and Character

Pupils learn to describe a setting using the senses and to show a character through actions rather than telling.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Writing Composition

Editing and Proofreading

Pupils learn to edit writing to improve it and to proofread for spelling and punctuation errors.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Writing Composition

Openings and Endings

Pupils learn to write a hook that grabs the reader and an ending that resolves the story.

Age 9+intermediate

Years Three and Four – Writing Composition

Planning and Organising Paragraphs

Pupils learn that a paragraph groups sentences about one idea, and that a plan groups ideas into paragraphs.

Age 9+intermediate